1-Introduction:

Mental health problems are prevalent in children and adolescents worldwide; the ratio of these issues is escalating every year. Despite these increasing cases, mental health is often neglected in this age group, which can lead to longstanding effects throughout life. If remain unaddressed, mental health conditions can cause health-related disabilities in later years. Therefore, whenever there is an indication of isolated or unusual behavior in a child, it should be noted in the early stages. These conditions are more likely to happen in the students who face different kinds of working and coping stress. (1) This early investigation would result in early intervention and prevention to lessen the global burden of disease, which in turn lessen the global burden of diseases. Children and adolescent students can suffer these problems due to many factors. The socioeconomic inequalities, negligence, stress related to school, and other social and emotional disturbances are the dominating factors for mental health issues. That is why, it is imperative to discuss these issues, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. This action will reduce the burden of mental health conditions in future generations and allow the careful development of vulnerable children and adolescent students worldwide.(2)

2- Why students are more vulnerable to mental health issues?

Several studies have reported the increase in severity and number of mental health issues in young students. Stress, anxiety, insomnia, depression, and other neuropsychological factors impact mental health. Many adolescent students have experienced such stressors that contribute to the development or exacerbation of symptoms, especially in those who are predisposed to suffer diagnose able mental health disorders. Also, many students experience several maturational and situational crises while studying in school and college. As this problem is a global issue, several students remain undiagnosed. They do not receive any interventional and protentional measures, which lead to vulnerability in future generations.(3) 

2.1- Common mental health conditions in students

The most common mental health conditions that students suffer are:

• Anxiety

• Depression

• Insomnia

• Attention deficits disorders

Factors that lead to these conditions include pressure to succeed in academics, socio-economic barriers and financial stresses, increased social media use, less stigma around seeking help, and negligence from the parent’s side.  (4)

3- World health organization (WHO) sentence on mental health issues in schools:

The nature of the climate where children and adolescents grow up shapes their well-being and development. Early negative encounters in homes, schools, or advanced spaces, like exposure to savagery, the psychological instability of a parent or other guardian, tormenting and destitution, increment the danger of mental illness.

3.1- How it effects on the development of children?

Mental health conditions such as childhood epilepsy, depression, anxiety, developmental disabilities, and other behavioral disorders are the major cause of mental illness in young persons. It can lead to future hazards in them that increase the chances of physical health issues. 10-20 % of children and adolescents experience these conditions, but majority of them do no seek help or remain neglected. Half of the mental health conditions arise at the age of 14 years. And suicide is the third leading cause of death among the age group of 14 to 19. The consequences of not addressing these issues escalate those symptoms and can lead to limiting future opportunities in children.

3.2- Management goals by WHO:

World health organization supports and work for the development and implication of evidence-informed and human-rights-based strategies to promote mental health. It will help treating and preventing mental health conditions and provision of mental health care in children, adolescents, and their families. (5)

4- Consequence of school-related stress among children and adolescents:

Good mental well-being is basic to children accomplishment in school and life. Researches shows that student who get social, emotional, and psychological health support accomplish better scholastically. School environment, classroom behavior, on-task learning, and students' feeling of connectedness and well-being improve as well. Mental wellness isn't simply psychological sickness yet in addition envelops social, enthusiastic, and conduct wellbeing and the capacity to adapt to life's difficulties. Left neglected, emotional well-being issues are connected to expensive negative results like academic and behavior issues, dropping out, and misconduct.(6)

5- Comprehensive approach to address and prevent mental health issues in children and adolescents:

 As most of the mental health conditions originate from the school and workplaces of children and adolescents; the prevention and psychological interventions strategies should take place here at first. For this purpose, there is a need to involve students, health professionals, psychiatrist, nurses, school staff, and parents. The ideal strategies to overcome mental health issues in children include many plans like:

5.1- Schools are the ideal places to provide mental health service to students-                             

             For all intents and purposes each local area has a school and most kids spend most of the part of every day there. Schools offer an ideal setting for prevention, mediation, positive development, and regular correspondence among school and families. School-employed health professionals like school therapists, school advocates, school social specialists, and school medical attendants know the understudies, guardians, and other staff, which adds to openness of administrations. In fact, research has shown that students are bound to look for advising when administrations are free in schools. Sometimes, like in rural aeras, schools give the solitary mental health administrations locally.(7)

5.2- Mental health services by health professionals in schools as a learning context-

All administrations gave in schools ought to be proper to the learning climate; those that are not danger being ineffectual or even counterproductive. Similarly, as children are not just little adult, schools are not only private facilities with writing slates. Being prepared to work inside this culture is fundamental to being effective (and financially savvy).(8)

5.3- Mental health services in schools are imperative to creating and sustaining safe schools-

School guides, school clinicians and school social-specialists given by far most of school-based administrations. They are extraordinarily prepared in educational system working and learning, just as what students' behavior and mental health means for their capacity to be effective in school. Subject matters incorporate however are not restricted to: education law, educational plan and guidance, study hall and behavior management, individual and gathering advising, learning handicaps, school wellbeing and emergency reaction, compelling control, social fitness, and discussion with teachers, families and community providers.(9)

5.4- Providing a continuum of school mental health services is crucial for effective addressing of students’ need:

A multitiered system of supports (MTSS) is most effective for comprehensive mental health services. It compasses the continuum of need, which enable schools to promote mental health services for all students. This approach identifies and addresses the problems before they escalate or become chronic. It is a wholesome strategy to provide increasingly intensive, data-driven services for every student as per need. Access to adequative school staffing of mental health care professionals is imperative for the quality and effectiveness of these services. (10)

6- Conclusion:

It is imperative to address the mental health conditions in children and adolescents to reduce the escalating ratios of health issues. As soon as these problems are detected, early preventive and interventional measures reduce the burden global burden of diseases. For individual students, it helps in the adequate physical, social, mental, and spiritual development to cope with every situation. Since these conditions arise in school environment, school based mental health professional employees, school staff, students’ families, and other community providers should play their role to combat mental health issues.

                                                            REFERENCES

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9. Rones M, Hoagwood K. School-based mental health services: A research review. Clinical child and family psychology review. 2000;3(4):223-41.

10. Ziomek-Daigle J, Goodman-Scott E, Cavin J, Donohue P. Integrating a multi-tiered system of supports with comprehensive school counseling programs. The Professional Counselor. 2016;6(3).